-8.43% is the change from 178 to 163
Calculation steps:
[( 163 - 178 ) ÷ 178] x 100 = -8.43%
Formula
Percentage change = [(163 - 178) / 178] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
163 - 178 = -15
-15 ÷ 178 = -0.08426966292134831
-0.08426966292134831 x 100 = -8.43%