-4.23% is the change from 189 to 181
Calculation steps:
[( 181 - 189 ) ÷ 189] x 100 = -4.23%
Formula
Percentage change = [(181 - 189) / 189] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
181 - 189 = -8
-8 ÷ 189 = -0.042328042328042326
-0.042328042328042326 x 100 = -4.23%