-2.59% is the change from 193 to 188
Calculation steps:
[( 188 - 193 ) ÷ 193] x 100 = -2.59%
Formula
Percentage change = [(188 - 193) / 193] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
188 - 193 = -5
-5 ÷ 193 = -0.025906735751295335
-0.025906735751295335 x 100 = -2.59%