-18.61% is the change from 231 to 188
Calculation steps:
[( 188 - 231 ) ÷ 231] x 100 = -18.61%
Formula
Percentage change = [(188 - 231) / 231] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
188 - 231 = -43
-43 ÷ 231 = -0.18614718614718614
-0.18614718614718614 x 100 = -18.61%