-3.9% is the change from 231 to 222
Calculation steps:
[( 222 - 231 ) ÷ 231] x 100 = -3.9%
Formula
Percentage change = [(222 - 231) / 231] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
222 - 231 = -9
-9 ÷ 231 = -0.03896103896103896
-0.03896103896103896 x 100 = -3.9%