-16.01% is the change from 331 to 278
Calculation steps:
[( 278 - 331 ) ÷ 331] x 100 = -16.01%
Formula
Percentage change = [(278 - 331) / 331] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
278 - 331 = -53
-53 ÷ 331 = -0.16012084592145015
-0.16012084592145015 x 100 = -16.01%