-5.44% is the change from 331 to 313
Calculation steps:
[( 313 - 331 ) ÷ 331] x 100 = -5.44%
Formula
Percentage change = [(313 - 331) / 331] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
313 - 331 = -18
-18 ÷ 331 = -0.054380664652567974
-0.054380664652567974 x 100 = -5.44%