-3.63% is the change from 331 to 319
Calculation steps:
[( 319 - 331 ) ÷ 331] x 100 = -3.63%
Formula
Percentage change = [(319 - 331) / 331] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
319 - 331 = -12
-12 ÷ 331 = -0.03625377643504532
-0.03625377643504532 x 100 = -3.63%