-60% is the change from 40 to 16
Calculation steps:
[( 16 - 40 ) ÷ 40] x 100 = -60%
Formula
Percentage change = [(16 - 40) / 40] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
16 - 40 = -24
-24 ÷ 40 = -0.6
-0.6 x 100 = -60%
Example