5.38% is the change from 409 to 431
Calculation steps:
[( 431 - 409 ) ÷ 409] x 100 = 5.38%
Formula
Percentage change = [(431 - 409) / 409] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
431 - 409 = 22
22 ÷ 409 = 0.05378973105134474
0.05378973105134474 x 100 = 5.38%