4.36% is the change from 413 to 431
Calculation steps:
[( 431 - 413 ) ÷ 413] x 100 = 4.36%
Formula
Percentage change = [(431 - 413) / 413] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
431 - 413 = 18
18 ÷ 413 = 0.043583535108958835
0.043583535108958835 x 100 = 4.36%