-3.1% is the change from 419 to 406
Calculation steps:
[( 406 - 419 ) ÷ 419] x 100 = -3.1%
Formula
Percentage change = [(406 - 419) / 419] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
406 - 419 = -13
-13 ÷ 419 = -0.031026252983293555
-0.031026252983293555 x 100 = -3.1%