-2.84% is the change from 423 to 411
Calculation steps:
[( 411 - 423 ) ÷ 423] x 100 = -2.84%
Formula
Percentage change = [(411 - 423) / 423] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
411 - 423 = -12
-12 ÷ 423 = -0.028368794326241134
-0.028368794326241134 x 100 = -2.84%