-46.17% is the change from 431 to 232
Calculation steps:
[( 232 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = -46.17%
Formula
Percentage change = [(232 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
232 - 431 = -199
-199 ÷ 431 = -0.4617169373549884
-0.4617169373549884 x 100 = -46.17%