-8.82% is the change from 431 to 393
Calculation steps:
[( 393 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = -8.82%
Formula
Percentage change = [(393 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
393 - 431 = -38
-38 ÷ 431 = -0.08816705336426914
-0.08816705336426914 x 100 = -8.82%