-7.89% is the change from 431 to 397
Calculation steps:
[( 397 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = -7.89%
Formula
Percentage change = [(397 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
397 - 431 = -34
-34 ÷ 431 = -0.07888631090487239
-0.07888631090487239 x 100 = -7.89%