-6.5% is the change from 431 to 403
Calculation steps:
[( 403 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = -6.5%
Formula
Percentage change = [(403 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
403 - 431 = -28
-28 ÷ 431 = -0.06496519721577726
-0.06496519721577726 x 100 = -6.5%