-5.8% is the change from 431 to 406
Calculation steps:
[( 406 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = -5.8%
Formula
Percentage change = [(406 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
406 - 431 = -25
-25 ÷ 431 = -0.058004640371229696
-0.058004640371229696 x 100 = -5.8%