-4.64% is the change from 431 to 411
Calculation steps:
[( 411 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = -4.64%
Formula
Percentage change = [(411 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
411 - 431 = -20
-20 ÷ 431 = -0.04640371229698376
-0.04640371229698376 x 100 = -4.64%