-4.18% is the change from 431 to 413
Calculation steps:
[( 413 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = -4.18%
Formula
Percentage change = [(413 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
413 - 431 = -18
-18 ÷ 431 = -0.04176334106728538
-0.04176334106728538 x 100 = -4.18%