-2.09% is the change from 431 to 422
Calculation steps:
[( 422 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = -2.09%
Formula
Percentage change = [(422 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
422 - 431 = -9
-9 ÷ 431 = -0.02088167053364269
-0.02088167053364269 x 100 = -2.09%