-0.7% is the change from 431 to 428
Calculation steps:
[( 428 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = -0.7%
Formula
Percentage change = [(428 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
428 - 431 = -3
-3 ÷ 431 = -0.0069605568445475635
-0.0069605568445475635 x 100 = -0.7%