1.62% is the change from 431 to 438
Calculation steps:
[( 438 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = 1.62%
Formula
Percentage change = [(438 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
438 - 431 = 7
7 ÷ 431 = 0.016241299303944315
0.016241299303944315 x 100 = 1.62%