1.86% is the change from 431 to 439
Calculation steps:
[( 439 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = 1.86%
Formula
Percentage change = [(439 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
439 - 431 = 8
8 ÷ 431 = 0.018561484918793503
0.018561484918793503 x 100 = 1.86%