4.87% is the change from 431 to 452
Calculation steps:
[( 452 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = 4.87%
Formula
Percentage change = [(452 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
452 - 431 = 21
21 ÷ 431 = 0.048723897911832945
0.048723897911832945 x 100 = 4.87%