18.1% is the change from 431 to 509
Calculation steps:
[( 509 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = 18.1%
Formula
Percentage change = [(509 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
509 - 431 = 78
78 ÷ 431 = 0.18097447795823665
0.18097447795823665 x 100 = 18.1%