18.79% is the change from 431 to 512
Calculation steps:
[( 512 - 431 ) ÷ 431] x 100 = 18.79%
Formula
Percentage change = [(512 - 431) / 431] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
512 - 431 = 81
81 ÷ 431 = 0.18793503480278423
0.18793503480278423 x 100 = 18.79%