4.4% is the change from 432 to 451
Calculation steps:
[( 451 - 432 ) ÷ 432] x 100 = 4.4%
Formula
Percentage change = [(451 - 432) / 432] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
451 - 432 = 19
19 ÷ 432 = 0.04398148148148148
0.04398148148148148 x 100 = 4.4%