3.65% is the change from 438 to 454
Calculation steps:
[( 454 - 438 ) ÷ 438] x 100 = 3.65%
Formula
Percentage change = [(454 - 438) / 438] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
454 - 438 = 16
16 ÷ 438 = 0.0365296803652968
0.0365296803652968 x 100 = 3.65%