4.11% is the change from 438 to 456
Calculation steps:
[( 456 - 438 ) ÷ 438] x 100 = 4.11%
Formula
Percentage change = [(456 - 438) / 438] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
456 - 438 = 18
18 ÷ 438 = 0.0410958904109589
0.0410958904109589 x 100 = 4.11%