31.96% is the change from 438 to 578
Calculation steps:
[( 578 - 438 ) ÷ 438] x 100 = 31.96%
Formula
Percentage change = [(578 - 438) / 438] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
578 - 438 = 140
140 ÷ 438 = 0.319634703196347
0.319634703196347 x 100 = 31.96%