3.86% is the change from 440 to 457
Calculation steps:
[( 457 - 440 ) ÷ 440] x 100 = 3.86%
Formula
Percentage change = [(457 - 440) / 440] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
457 - 440 = 17
17 ÷ 440 = 0.038636363636363635
0.038636363636363635 x 100 = 3.86%