-48.44% is the change from 448 to 231
Calculation steps:
[( 231 - 448 ) ÷ 448] x 100 = -48.44%
Formula
Percentage change = [(231 - 448) / 448] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
231 - 448 = -217
-217 ÷ 448 = -0.484375
-0.484375 x 100 = -48.44%