-31.11% is the change from 45 to 31
Calculation steps:
[( 31 - 45 ) ÷ 45] x 100 = -31.11%
Formula
Percentage change = [(31 - 45) / 45] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
31 - 45 = -14
-14 ÷ 45 = -0.3111111111111111
-0.3111111111111111 x 100 = -31.11%