-37.69% is the change from 451 to 281
Calculation steps:
[( 281 - 451 ) ÷ 451] x 100 = -37.69%
Formula
Percentage change = [(281 - 451) / 451] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
281 - 451 = -170
-170 ÷ 451 = -0.376940133037694
-0.376940133037694 x 100 = -37.69%