-30.6% is the change from 451 to 313
Calculation steps:
[( 313 - 451 ) ÷ 451] x 100 = -30.6%
Formula
Percentage change = [(313 - 451) / 451] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
313 - 451 = -138
-138 ÷ 451 = -0.30598669623059865
-0.30598669623059865 x 100 = -30.6%