-8.87% is the change from 451 to 411
Calculation steps:
[( 411 - 451 ) ÷ 451] x 100 = -8.87%
Formula
Percentage change = [(411 - 451) / 451] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
411 - 451 = -40
-40 ÷ 451 = -0.08869179600886919
-0.08869179600886919 x 100 = -8.87%