-8.43% is the change from 451 to 413
Calculation steps:
[( 413 - 451 ) ÷ 451] x 100 = -8.43%
Formula
Percentage change = [(413 - 451) / 451] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
413 - 451 = -38
-38 ÷ 451 = -0.08425720620842572
-0.08425720620842572 x 100 = -8.43%