-6.43% is the change from 451 to 422
Calculation steps:
[( 422 - 451 ) ÷ 451] x 100 = -6.43%
Formula
Percentage change = [(422 - 451) / 451] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
422 - 451 = -29
-29 ÷ 451 = -0.06430155210643015
-0.06430155210643015 x 100 = -6.43%