-4.88% is the change from 451 to 429
Calculation steps:
[( 429 - 451 ) ÷ 451] x 100 = -4.88%
Formula
Percentage change = [(429 - 451) / 451] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
429 - 451 = -22
-22 ÷ 451 = -0.04878048780487805
-0.04878048780487805 x 100 = -4.88%