-2% is the change from 451 to 442
Calculation steps:
[( 442 - 451 ) ÷ 451] x 100 = -2%
Formula
Percentage change = [(442 - 451) / 451] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
442 - 451 = -9
-9 ÷ 451 = -0.019955654101995565
-0.019955654101995565 x 100 = -2%