-0.67% is the change from 451 to 448
Calculation steps:
[( 448 - 451 ) ÷ 451] x 100 = -0.67%
Formula
Percentage change = [(448 - 451) / 451] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
448 - 451 = -3
-3 ÷ 451 = -0.0066518847006651885
-0.0066518847006651885 x 100 = -0.67%