3.99% is the change from 451 to 469
Calculation steps:
[( 469 - 451 ) ÷ 451] x 100 = 3.99%
Formula
Percentage change = [(469 - 451) / 451] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
469 - 451 = 18
18 ÷ 451 = 0.03991130820399113
0.03991130820399113 x 100 = 3.99%