4.88% is the change from 451 to 473
Calculation steps:
[( 473 - 451 ) ÷ 451] x 100 = 4.88%
Formula
Percentage change = [(473 - 451) / 451] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
473 - 451 = 22
22 ÷ 451 = 0.04878048780487805
0.04878048780487805 x 100 = 4.88%