9.98% is the change from 451 to 496
Calculation steps:
[( 496 - 451 ) ÷ 451] x 100 = 9.98%
Formula
Percentage change = [(496 - 451) / 451] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
496 - 451 = 45
45 ÷ 451 = 0.09977827050997783
0.09977827050997783 x 100 = 9.98%