23.5% is the change from 451 to 557
Calculation steps:
[( 557 - 451 ) ÷ 451] x 100 = 23.5%
Formula
Percentage change = [(557 - 451) / 451] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
557 - 451 = 106
106 ÷ 451 = 0.23503325942350334
0.23503325942350334 x 100 = 23.5%