-93.14% is the change from 452 to 31
Calculation steps:
[( 31 - 452 ) ÷ 452] x 100 = -93.14%
Formula
Percentage change = [(31 - 452) / 452] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
31 - 452 = -421
-421 ÷ 452 = -0.9314159292035398
-0.9314159292035398 x 100 = -93.14%