-31.19% is the change from 452 to 311
Calculation steps:
[( 311 - 452 ) ÷ 452] x 100 = -31.19%
Formula
Percentage change = [(311 - 452) / 452] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
311 - 452 = -141
-141 ÷ 452 = -0.31194690265486724
-0.31194690265486724 x 100 = -31.19%