-2.65% is the change from 452 to 440
Calculation steps:
[( 440 - 452 ) ÷ 452] x 100 = -2.65%
Formula
Percentage change = [(440 - 452) / 452] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
440 - 452 = -12
-12 ÷ 452 = -0.02654867256637168
-0.02654867256637168 x 100 = -2.65%