-0.88% is the change from 452 to 448
Calculation steps:
[( 448 - 452 ) ÷ 452] x 100 = -0.88%
Formula
Percentage change = [(448 - 452) / 452] x 100
Subtract the new number by the original number
448 - 452 = -4
-4 ÷ 452 = -0.008849557522123894
-0.008849557522123894 x 100 = -0.88%